【Aim】This study explored the distribution patterns of invasive alien plants in western Chongqing and assessed their impacts on the structures and functions of agricultural ecosystems, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for the formulation of prevention and control strategies of invasive alien species at the county level in Chongqing.【Method】On the basis of the field investigation in Bishan District, Chongqing City, a systematic analysis was conducted on the species composition, life form, origin, floristic composition, and invasion habitats of alien invasive plants within and outside the jurisdiction. Further analyses were carried out on their ecological impacts and distribution patterns.【Result】A total of 60 invasive alien plant species were recorded, belonging to 45 genera of 23 families. Asteraceae was the family with the most species, followed by Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Annual herbs constituted the majority of invasive plants, with other life forms including biennial herbs, perennial herbs, shrubs, and lianas. Among the invasive species in Bishan District, 42 originated from the Americas, 6 from Asia, 6 from Africa, 3 from Europe and Asia, 2 from Europe and Africa, and 1 from Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. The floristic composition at family and genus levels was predominantly cosmopolitan. Risk assessment identified 10 species, including Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cuscuta japonica, and Solidago canadensis as extremely high-risk (Level Ⅳ). Spatial analysis revealed a distribution pattern of being denser in the south-central area and sparser in the northern-western area, with concentrations along major transportation routes, areas of frequent human activity, and habitats such as rural roads, vegetable plots, and orchards.【Conclusion】The rich diversity and high risk of invasive alien plants in Bishan District necessitate the implementation of species-specific prevention and control measures. We propose recommendations such as establishing a dynamic monitoring database and strengthening efforts to reduce the risk of dispersal via the China-Europe Railway Express, thereby safeguarding local ecosystem services and environmental quality.