【Aim】This study examines the distribution patterns and invasion risks of alien invasive plants after soil erosion control in Changting County, Fujian Province. It aimed to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of risk-based tiered monitoring strategies and targeted management measures.【Method】The line transect method was used for on-site investigations on the composition, habitat types, and invasion areas of introduced alien plant species. A risk assessment system for invasive alien plants in Changting County was constructed, and the risk levels were graded. The distribution characteristics of the invasive plants with the highest risk level were analyzed.【Result】A total of 50 alien invasive plant species were recorded, belonging to 35 genera of 20 families. Herbaceous species predominated, with 48 species accounting for 96% of the total. Asteraceae had the highest representation, with 16 species (32% of the total), followed by Amaranthaceae with 6 species (12% of the total). Approximately 90% of the invasive species originated from the Americas. The risk assessment results indicated that invasive alien plants in Changting County can be classified into five risk grades: extremely high risk (Grade Ⅰ, 6 species), high risk (Grade Ⅱ, 8 species), moderate risk (Grade Ⅲ, 16 species), low risk (Grade Ⅳ, 16 species), and extremely low risk (Grade Ⅴ, 4 species). In Changting County, invasive species were mainly distributed along roadsides, with the highest species richness observed in the southern townships. Extremely high-risk alien plants were concentrated in the central and northeastern townships, with Xinqiao and Sanzhou towns exhibiting the highest overall invasion risk.【Conclusion】The invasive plants in Changting County are mainly members of Asteraceae, herbaceous plants, and species originated from the Americas. A new invasive plant, Erigeron sumatrensis, was also discovered. It is suggested that the dominant species of Asteraceae should be controlled by using native plants with similar ecological niches, and special attention should be paid to the areas with high road density and the boundaries of towns.