【Aim】 To evaluate the resistance of the transgenic insect-resistant soybean line A2A7009 against the target pests: Spodoptera litura and S. exigua, as well as its impact on field arthropod diversity, and clarify the ecological safety of this soybean line. 【Method】 The transgenic insect-resistant soybean line A2A7009, its non-transgenic counterpart PO3-8-23, and the susceptible conventional soybean line Jiyu 86 were selected as research objects. The resistance levels of A2A7009 against S. litura and S. exigua were evaluated by combining field net cage infestation experiments with laboratory bioassays. Visual observation and trapping methods were employed to survey field arthropods, and the dynamic changes in diversity index, evenness index, and dominance concentration index were analyzed to assess the impact of A2A7009 on arthropod diversity in agricultural ecosystems. 【Result】 (1) In the field resistance assessment, the hazard indices of S. litura and S. exigua on A2A7009 were 21.67% and 2.50%. In laboratory bioassays, the corrected mortality rates of S. litura and S. exigua fed with A2A7009 both reached 100%, which had significant differences from those fed with the non-transgenic soybean counterpart and conventional insect-susceptible soybean. A2A7009 demonstrated high resistance against S. litura and S. exigua. (2) The arthropod community structure in the field of A2A7009 was fundamentally similar to that of PO3-8-23. The trends of diversity index, evenness index, and dominance concentration index over time were generally consistent. 【Conclusion】 The transgenic insect-resistant soybean line A2A7009 exhibits high resistance to S. litura and S. exigua and no obvious negative impact on field biodiversity.