【Aim】 This study investigates the composition patterns of Bemisia tabaci cryptic species in some regions of China and studies key developmental indicators and drought adaptability, aiming to elucidate the physiological mechanism by which B. tabaci maintains water retention through cuticular lipid remodeling and provide a scientific basis for developing control strategies tailored to different regions. 【Method】 Field monitoring and sample collection of B. tabaci were conducted in selected regions of China. Under laboratory conditions, different relative humidity gradients (RH 20%±1%, 50%±0%, and 70%±1%) were established to investigate key developmental indicators including egg hatching rate, pupation rate, eclosion rate, and mortality rate of the the F₀ and F₁ generations of three key cryptic species: Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1, also known as B-biotype), Mediterranean (MED), and China ZHJ-1 (ZHJ-1). Non-targeted metabolomics based on GC-MS was employed to analyze the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) components of MED cryptic species collected from different regions. 【Result】 BLAST comparison results based on the NCBI database showed that both the Sanya and Hangzhou populations contained two cryptic species, MEAM1 and ZHJ-1, while the populations in other 10 sampling regions (accounting for 83.3% of the total) only contained the MED cryptic species. Under 20% RH (drought stress) conditions, the MED cryptic species exhibited significantly greater environmental adaptability, with the egg hatching rate (70.3%±2.1%), pupation rate (69.8%±1.9%), eclosion rate (68.7%±2.3%), and number of eggs laid per female (412±18) being higher than those of MEAM1 and ZHJ-1 (P＜0.05), while its adult mortality rate (59.5%±2.4%) was the lowest among the three. GC-MS analysis identified 18 CHC components with significantly different abundance among MED cryptic species from different geographical regions. 【Conclusion】 The MED cryptic species dominates the B. tabaci populations in China and demonstrates significantly stronger adaptability under drought stress (20% RH) than the MEAM1 and ZHJ-1 cryptic species. The relative content of the CHC component 2-methylheptadecane (2-Me-C17) shows a significantly negative correlation with the RH of the sampling locations, which suggests the key role of this component in cuticular water retention and drought adaptation.