四川省青川县外来入侵植物现状及风险评估
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中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(自科)(ZYN2022090); 四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1693); 四川省国际科技合作与交流项目(2020YFH0107); 四川省留学归国人员择优资助项目


Current status and risk assessment of invasivealien plants in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, China
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    【目的】 摸清四川省青川县外来入侵植物的现状并评估入侵风险,为青川县外来入侵植物防控和生态安全的保护提供科学依据。【方法】 采用样线法、样方法,结合文献资料和官方公布名单,开展青川县外来入侵植物调查,对入侵植物科属种的组成、原产地、植物生活型、分布情况等进行统计分析;采用层次分析法,共筛选出44个指标,以传入定殖风险、扩散风险、潜在危害与影响、危害控制这4个方面为切入点,构建青川县外来入侵植物风险评估体系,同时,对青川县外来入侵植物进行风险等级划分。【结果】 青川县共有32种外来入侵植物,分属于12科25属,以菊科为最多,有13种,占总种数的40.6%,禾本科和茄科次之,均为3种,占总种数的9.4%;原产地为美洲的外来入侵植物占总种的62.5%;外来入侵植物中一年生草本植物最多,有14种,占总种数的43.8%;根据入侵等级将外来入侵植物分为极高风险类(Ⅰ级)3种(加拿大一枝黄花、喜旱莲子草和土荆芥)、高风险类(Ⅱ级)6种、中风险类(Ⅲ级)10种、低风险类(Ⅳ级)13种。外来入侵植物主要分布在车流量大的高速路口、各乡镇间必经的车道两侧、人类活动频繁的居住地,而在崎岖小路两侧和管理严格的保护区内外来入侵植物少。【结论】 青川县外来入侵植物分布范围较广,风险水平不同,需针对外来入侵植物的入侵风险等级进行分类施策和分区分级管理,科学防控,最大限度保护青川县生物多样性和生态安全。

    Abstract:

    【Aim】 In this study, we sought to ascertain the invasibility of Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, to provide a scientific foundation for preventing and controlling exotic invasive species and safeguarding ecological security within the region. 【Method】 The investigation into alien invasive plants in Qingchuan County was conducted utilizing the sample line and quadrat methods, augmented by a review of pertinent literature and officially published lists. Statistical analyses were performed on invasive plant families and genera, their regions of origin, types of plant life, and distribution levels. Subsequently, by applying the analytic hierarchy process, 44 indicators were identified to formulate a risk assessment system for invasive alien plants in Qingchuan County, focusing on the four dimensions of incoming colonization risk, dispersal risk, potential hazards and impacts, and hazard control. The invasive alien plants in Qingchuan County were classified into distinct risk categories. 【Result】 The results revealed 32 species of invasive alien plants in Qingchuan County, representing 12 families and 25 genera. The Asteraceae family was the most significant, comprising 13 species, which accounts for 40.6% of the total species, followed by the Poaceae and Solanaceae families, each containing three species and contributing 9.4% of the total species. Analysis of the invasive alien plant origins revealed that most of these invasive alien plant species were native to the Americas, accounting for 62.5% of the total species. Annual herbs exhibited markedly higher adaptability than other invasive types, with 14 species accounting for 43.8% of the total species. Based on the invasion severity, three species were identified as belonging to the very high-risk category (Level Ⅰ): Solidago canadensis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Dysphania ambrosioides. Additionally, six species were classified as high-risk (Level Ⅱ), ten as medium-risk (Level Ⅲ), and 13 as low-risk (Level Ⅳ). The distribution profile indicated that invasive alien plants proliferated along major traffic intersections of highways, flanking roads linking different towns, and in areas characterized by frequent human activities, such as residential zones. Conversely, they are less prevalent along winding paths and within strictly protected areas. 【Conclusion】 The presence of numerous invasive alien plants in Qingchuan County, each exhibiting varying levels of risk, necessitates the implementation of classified policies alongside zoning and hierarchical management strategies tailored to these differing invasion risk levels. Scientific prevention and control must be conducted, thereby maximizing biodiversity conservation and ecological security in Qingchuan County.

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华茹婷,单凯歌,张太红,冷焕琨,杨建,杨孔,杨阳,李汶泽,任晓.四川省青川县外来入侵植物现状及风险评估[J].生物安全学报中文版,2025,34(2):180-190

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-11
  • 最后修改日期:2024-09-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-05-16
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