【Aim】 The main goal was to explore the strain resources of phyllospheric bacteria of Pinus massoniana and analyze its population diversity. Moreover, we aimed to screen strains with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus killing activity and clarify their classification status, as well as to provide strain resources for biological control of pine wilt disease. 【Method】 Using plate separation culture method, the phyllospheric bacteria of P. massoniana was isolated and cultivated from Gutian and Xiapu counties of Ningde and Youxi county of Sanming. Bacterial strains were classified based on colony morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP analysis. The killing activity of the phyllospheric bacteria against B. xylophilus was determined using a centrifuge tube culture. The classification status of the antagonistic strains was determined through physiological and biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. 【Result】 The 141 phyllospheric bacterial strains of P. massoniana were isolated from plants from Gutian and Xiapu counties of Ningde and Youxi county of Sanming. The 141 strains of phyllospheric bacteria of P. massoniana were classified into nine types based on colony morphology. The 16S rDNA obtained by amplification was digested with HaeIII and MspI, and there were nine and 11 map types, respectively. At 100% similar level, the 141 strains of phyllospheric bacteria had 19 map types after combining the two map types. Using NB medium or sterile water as the control and the 48 h corrected mortality rate of B. xylophilus as the indicator, 120 strains with varying degrees of nematicidal effects were screened, accounting for 85.11% of the total screened strains. Using NB medium as the control, 11 strains with a corrected mortality rate greater than 50% of B. xylophilus, accounted for 7.80% of the total screened strains. Among them, the strain with the best nematicidal effect was strain GT10, with a 48 h nematode killing rate of 92.56%. The strain was gram-positive (G⁺) with rod-shaped, peritrichous flagella. The strain was able to utilize mannitol and citrate and showed positive results in the nitrate reduction reaction and V-P determination. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the 16S rDNA sequence and gyrB gene sequence of the strain clustered with those of the B. cereus model strain ATCC14579. Therefore, the strain GT10 was identified as B. cereus. 【Conclusion】 There was rich diversity of phyllospheric bacteria of P. massoniana. The B. cereus strain GT10 had a high nematicidal effect against B. xylophilus and could potentially be used for the biological control of pine wilt disease.