Abstract:【Aim】 Ectomyelois ceratoniae is a moth pest that damages pomegranate trees, but it has not yet invaded China. This pest has a wide host range and is highly harmful; its hosts are widely distributed in China. Therefore, conducting genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of pomegranate moths based on the mitochondrial COⅠ gene can clarify the genetic diversity of world populations and the genetic relationships among populations in different countries, which is important as a guide for the quarantine and supervision of import and export commodities. 【Method】 Information on pomegranate moth populations publicly available in various countries and regions around the world was collected, and the mitochondrial COI gene sequence of the pomegranate moth was used for the analysis of genetic diversity, phylogeny, and genetic differentiation. 【Result】 Combined with the analysis of the genetic diversity of COI gene sequences amplified from intercepted samples, it was observed that 18 haplotypes of pomegranate moth populations were reported worldwide. Hap_2 was the most widely distributed haplotype in Tunisia, Italy, Malta, Greece, Iran, Australia, and the United States, and all samples intercepted in this study belonged to this haplotype. In addition, four haplotypes, Hap_4, Hap_8, Hap_11, and Hap_15, were distributed across multiple countries. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the pomegranate moth populations in 12 countries and regions worldwide into two branches, and the populations in the two areas of Australia were differentiated. 【Conclusion】 This study shows that the pomegranate moths invading various countries worldwide have high genetic homogeneity, with only two haplotypes in Australia showing differentiation. Variation in this species mainly comes from between populations; the COI gene shows a high haplotype diversity, and the populations worldwide show a high degree of genetic diversity and a moderate to high level of genetic differentiation.