番茄潜叶蛾对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性
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中央引导地方科技发展专项(2022FRD05037);银川市农业园区科技人才服务团队项目


Toxicity of various insecticides against Tuta absoluta
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    【目的】番茄潜叶蛾是一种对番茄具有毁灭性危害的世界入侵害虫,本研究测定了不同类型药剂对入侵害虫番茄潜叶蛾的毒力活性及防治效果,为生产中科学防治番茄潜叶蛾提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内毒力测定方法,计算各药剂对不同龄期幼虫的毒力回归方程;采用田间防效评价方法,得出药后1~21 d各药剂对幼虫的防效,综合比较分析不同类型药剂对番茄潜叶蛾的控制作用。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明,植物源杀虫剂印楝素和抗生素类杀虫剂甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对番茄潜叶蛾的毒性相对最强,其中印楝素对1龄幼虫的毒力最强,其LC50为3.22 mg·L-1,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对2~4龄幼虫的毒力最强,其LC50分别为7.1046、7.5663和4.375 mg·L-1;其次是苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺和合成杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素;拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯、昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂甲氧虫酰肼对番茄潜叶蛾也有较好的毒杀作用;新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺对番茄潜叶蛾的毒性相对较弱。田间防效结果表明,抗生素类杀虫剂甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的防效相对最高、持效性最好,药后第7、14和21天防效分别为74.11%、71.42%和60.03%;其次是苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺、合成杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯;植物源杀虫剂印楝素的持效性较好,药后第7~21天的防效均高于50%;昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂甲氧虫酰肼以及新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺对番茄潜叶蛾的田间防效相对较弱。【结论】抗生素类杀虫剂甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺和合成杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素可作为生产中防治番茄潜叶蛾的首选药剂,具有较好的应用前景,植物源杀虫剂印楝素和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯可作为交替使用药剂。

    Abstract:

    【Aim】 Tuta absoluta is a type of worldwide invasive pest that causes destructive damage to tomatoes. To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific control of T. absoluta production, we determined the toxicity and control effect of various pesticides against T. absoluta larvae. 【Method】 The toxicity regression equation of each pesticide on different instar larvae was calculated using toxicity measurements. The efficacy of each pesticide on larvae was determined from 1 to 21 days after treatment via field efficacy evaluation. The control effects of various types of pesticides on tomato leaf miner were comprehensively analyzed. Further the control effects of various insecticides on T. absoluta were compared and analyzed using indoor toxicity tests and field trials. 【Result】 The results of indoor toxicity tests showed that the sensitivities of azadirachtin and emamectin benzoate were the strongest toward T. absoluta. Azadirachtin exhibited the strongest toxicity against the 1st instar larvae, with an LC50 value of 3.22 mg·L-1. The toxicity of emamectin benzoate was strongest against the 2nd-4th instar larvae, with LC50 values of 7.1046, 7.5663, and 4.375 mg·L-1, respectively. This was followed by chlorphenamide and ethyl polybactericide. Beta-cypermethrin and methoxyfenozide also exhibited high toxicity against T. absoluta. The sensitivities of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and nitenpyram against T. absoluta were relatively weak. The results of the field control showed that emamectin benzoate had the best control effect and persistence, with control effects of 74.11%, 71.42%, and 60.03% on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after treatment, respectively, followed by chloramphenicol, ethyl polybactericide, and beta-cypermethrin. Azadirachtin exhibited good persistence, and the control effect of azadirachtin was greater than 50%, 7-21 days after treatment. Methoxyfenozide, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and nitenpyram exerted relatively weak effects on T. absoluta. 【Conclusion】 Emamectin benzoate, chloramphenicol benzamide, and ethyl polybactericide, which have good application prospects, could be used as the first choice of pesticides to control T. absoluta in production. Azadirachtin and beta cyhalothrin could be used alternatively.

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张治科,李媛,张宁.番茄潜叶蛾对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性[J].生物安全学报中文版,2024,33(3):267-273

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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-14
  • 最后修改日期:2023-11-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-08-02
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