【Aim】 In this study, the Bdfor was identified to further explore the effects on associative color learning of Bactrocera dorsalis. 【Method】 Based on Drosophila melanogaster gene Dmfor, the Bdfor was screened out from B. dorsalis genomics and transcriptomics database in NCBI and then performed bioinformatics analysis. Meantime, the behavioral bioassay on associative color learning of B. dorsalis adults as well as RNAi silence experiments were carried out. 【Result】 The B. dorsalis Bdfor, which contains a STKs protein domain and two CAP-ED protein domains, was screened out successfully and the amino acid sequence of this gene was similar with that of B. latifrons, B. oleae, and Ceratitis capitata. In addition, the results showed that B. dorsalis has the ability of associative color learning. After pairing green or blue with sucrose, and yellow with water in petri dishes for reward learning, the tendency of B. dorsalis to green or blue was significantly increased. Meanwhile, pairing yellow with quinine and green or blue with water in petri dishes for punitive learning, the yellow preference of B. dorsalis decreased significantly. However, this ability of associative color learning in B. dorsalis was significantly reduced or disappeared by RNAi experiments. 【Conclusion】 Silencing Bdfor impaired the color learning in the flies which offers evidence for developing new management against insect pests.