【Aim】 In recent years, the melon fly Zeugodacus cucuribitae (Coquillett), a worldwide quarantine pest, has been introduced from the south of China to the southwestern part of Henan province, causing a major impact on the yield and quality of a variety of cash crops. Investigating its population dynamics on different host crops in newly introduced regions helps reveal its damage pattern in the field, and provides a scientific basis for local pest management. 【Method】 From 2020 to 2022, the population dynamics of Z. cucuribitae adults on three host cucurbits, namely Luffa cylindrica, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita pepo, were surveyed and comparatively analyzed in the fields of Neixiang County, Nanyang City, Henan Province, China. 【Result】 This pest occurred in all three years in Neixiang county, with adult populations occurring between late June to July and late October, and the peak period of adults occurring from mid-August to late September. Its population size, population dynamics, and period of occurrence were all affected by the host crops and the age. 【Conclusion】 The population size and damage of Z. cucuribitae in this region are increasing year by year, and control measures should be taken timely in different melon crops according to local conditions.