【Aim】 Mikania micrantha is a highly invasive alien species. Populations of this invasive species have been repeatedly discovered in Guizhou Province between 2016 and 2022. We predicted the potentially suitable areas for M. micrantha in Guizhou and their changing patterns to provide a basis for establishing a control and prevention system against them. 【Method】 We identified 1001 global distribution sites for M. micrantha and combined them with data from 22 environmental factors. Using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), we predicted the potential distribution of M. micrantha under current and projected future climate conditions in Guizhou. A dominant-factor analysis was also conducted. 【Result】 Under current climatic conditions, the areas in Guizhou most suitable for M. micrantha cover approximately 1.51×10⁴ km², representing 8.60% of the province's area. These areas are predominantly located in Qianxinan and Qiannan Autonomous Prefectures. Under future climatic conditions, the suitable areas for M. micrantha growth in Guizhou are expected to increase. The center of this suitable distribution area (26.43°N, 107.00°E) was predicted to shift from Qiannan Prefecture to Guiyang City. The dominant factors affecting the suitable range of M. micrantha included the annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, temperature seasonality, minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, and precipitation of the warmest quarter. 【Conclusion】 M. micrantha has a broad range of suitable habitats in Guizhou, with temperature and precipitation being the main influencing factors. Under future climatic conditions, the suitable areas for M. micrantha are projected to expand, exhibiting notable northward migration and dispersion trends.