【Aim】 To ensure the stable and healthy development of the potato industry, strengthen the quarantine and control of Ditylenchus destructor, a prediction and analysis of fitness zone in Inner Mongolia was conducted. 【Method】 Based on the latest distribution and environmental data of D. destructor in China, the suitability zones of D. destructor in Inner Mongolia under current and future climatic conditions were predicted by MaxEnt ecological niche model and ArcGIS software. 【Result】 The mean AUC of the MaxEnt model was 0.929, with accurate and reliable prediction results. The prediction results showed that under the current climatic conditions, the D. destructor had a suitable area of 4.18×10⁵ km² in Inner Mongolia, accounting for 35.31% of the total area. It showed that the total area of the fitness zone of D. destructor in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region would be expanding in 2021—2040 and 2041—2060; among them, under the SSP1_2.6 climate scenario, high fitness zones of D. destructor may appear in Chifeng, Tongliao and Hinggan League; under the SSP3_7.0 climate scenario, high fitness zones of D. destructor may appear in Erdos, Chifeng and Tongliao. Further, the Jackknife method identified temperature seasonality, precipitation of the wettest month, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, mean diurnal range, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter as the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of D. destructor. 【Conclusion】 The D. destructor has the risk of further spread in the Inner Mongolia region. It is recommended that in future climate scenarios should strengthen the transfer of quarantine and epidemic monitoring to prevent further expansion of D. destructor in cities with highly suitable areas for D. destructor.