【Aim】 In this study, we sought to determine the biological characteristics and annual population occurrence of the moth Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiffermuller), a newly invasive plant quarantine pest in China, and to provide a theoretical basis for its integrated control. 【Method】 We examined the living habits of L. botrana and the regularity of population occurrence in the field by means of fixed-point monitoring using sex pheromone attractants, enclosed rearing in the field, and artificial rearing indoors. 【Result】 At the study site in Turpan, Xinjiang, China, the moth annually completes five generations. During winter, it overwinters as a pupae beneath the bark of grape vines. Overwintering pupae commence emergence from the end of March to the beginning of April, coinciding with the opening of grape buds, with peak emergence occurring in early April, around the time of Tomb-Sweeping Day, and approaches completion by mid-April. During this time, overwintering adults lay eggs on flower buds. The first generation of larvae commences hatching in mid-April, and first-generation adults start emerging in mid-May, with the period of emergence ending in late May. Second-generation adults start to appear in late June, with peak emergence occurring in early July, whereas third-generation adults emerge at the end of July, with a peak emergence in early August, and fourth-generation adults emerge at the end of August, with a peak emergence in early September. In early October, the larvae of the subsequent overwintering generation begin to pupate, with most larvae preferentially pupating beneath the bark of old vine trees. Adult insects mostly engage in flying, feeding, mating, and oviposition behaviors during dusk. Overwintering adult females lay eggs on the sepals and buds of grape inflorescences. The first- to third-generation females oviposit on the surface of grape fruits, whereas fourth-generation females oviposit on the tidbits of grape secondary openings. A single female lays between approximately 20 and 40 eggs. The first-generation larvae feed on grape tidbits, whereas those of the second to fourth generations cause damage to grape fruits and exhibit cannibalistic behavior. In terms of control, a sweet and sour solution comprising a mixture of brown sugar, vinegar, wine, and water (6:3:1:10) has been proven to have certain trapping and killing effects on adults. 【Conclusion】 In Turpan, there are five discrete non-overlapping generations of L. botrana within a single year. The overwintering generation is the largest in terms of population size. The duration of development for each generation and the different stages of the insect's life cycle shorten as the air temperature increases. The larvae pose a threat during the entire growing season of grapes, with the larvae of the third and fourth generations causing damage to ripened fruits, resulting in significant fruit decay and substantial economic losses.