【Aim】 The introduction of alien species has contributed greatly to the development of the aquaculture industry. Risk assessments of introduced aquaculture species have mainly focused on quarantine pathogens, whereas the ecological risks of non-native aquaculture species have received little attention. In this study, the European Non-native Species in Aquaculture Risk Analysis Scheme (ENSARS) and the species distribution model (i.e., MaxEnt) were used to assess the ecological risk of the typical non-native aquaculture species marbled sand goby Oxyeleotris marmorata in the southern ecoregion. Our results can inform strategies for managing non-native species in importation and aquaculture. 【Method】 The biological and ecological characteristics, as well as the aquaculture status of O. marmorata, were investigated based on peer-reviewed literatures and field surveys. The invasiveness, risk of pathogen transmission, escaping from capacity, and socioeconomic impact of O. marmorata in aquaculture were assessed using ENSARS, and the potential distribution of this non-native fish in China was predicted using MaxEnt. 【Result】 O. marmorata was classified as "invasive" in the southern ecoregion. This non-native fish was categorized as moderate risk in aquaculture. The risk of pathogen transmission is moderately high. The risk of escaping capacity was medium. The risk of exerting socioeconomic impact was low. The most suitable areas for O. marmorata were distributed in Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan, accounting for 28.71%, 2.41%, 14.57%, and 24.69% of the total area of each province, respectively. 【Conclusion】 O. marmorata was categorized as "invasive" in the southern ecoregion owing to its undesirable biogeographic and bioecological characteristics. The ecological risk of O. marmorata could be alleviated by human intervention for high-risk events in aquaculture, including escaping from capacity and pathogen transmission. However, the main aquaculture area of O. marmorata overlaps with its potential distribution areas, which might facilitate population establishment of this non-native fish once escaping from capacity to natural waters. Therefore, the measures to prevent these non-native fish escaping from aquaculture facility should be strengthened.