As an important part of biological resources, germplasm resources are the material basis for breeding new varieties of crops with high quality, high yield, disease resistance (insect), and stress resistance. In recent years, to meet the needs of the rapid development of the national seed industry, China has consistently introduced a large number of germplasm resources from abroad. The germplasm resources present a higher risk than other plant products, which is inevitably carried out during the introduction process. The introduction of pests will cause serious harm to China. At present, the United States of America, Australia, and other countries have developed risk analysis methods for germplasm resources, but China lacks a unified risk analysis method for germplasm pests. In this review, the main contents of international plant quarantine standards, major trading countries, and Chinese pest risk analysis standard methods are described. Given the urgent pest risk analysis problems in the process of introducing germplasm resources, some suggestions are put forward for future work relating to the development of a germplasm pest risk analysis system: to establish indexes in line with the characteristics of the risk analysis of germplasm resources, a semi-quantitative risk assessment method should be adopted. With further research, the risk assessment index system can be verified and modified appropriately.