【Aim】 The effects of rice pest and disease stress on the Bt protein expression in insect resistant transgenic Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) rice need to be defined. 【Method】 In this study, one Bt rice line, T1C-19 (expressing Cry1C protein), was used to investigate the changes of Bt protein expression in Bt rice under the stress of six common rice pests and diseases, such as brown planthopper, bacterial blight, and so on. 【Result】 The results showed that the feeding of brown planthopper caused a decrease in Cry1C protein content in T1C-19 rice leaves, while the feeding of green rice leafhopper significantly reduced Cry1C protein content in T1C-19 rice sheaths, and bacterial blight infestation caused a significant increase in Cry1C protein content in T1C-19 rice sheaths. The stresses of rice stem borer, rice dwarf virus and rice blast had no significant effects on the Bt protein content in both leaves and sheaths in transgenic rice T1C-19. 【Conclusion】 The Bt protein expression in Bt rice varied from the stress of different pest and disease species. These results will provide a data basis for the evaluation of the insect resistance effect of Bt rice, and also provide some scientific basis for the integrated pest and disease management on Bt rice.