Bretziella fagacearum, which causes oak wilt, is listed as a quarantined pathogen in China. The pathogen is currently mainly distributed in the United States and mainly infects Quercus spp. and Castanea spp. plants, resulting in devastating diseases. There is scant research on this pathogen in China, which is not conducive to the understanding and control of this pathogen. Here, we review B. fagacearum as the causal agent of oak wilt, particularly focusing on taxonomy, distribution, host, symptoms, and morphological and biological characteristics. Related detection and quarantine information were also included in this study. However, the use of chemicals and other control measures is still in its early stages, and there are challenges regarding the control of oak wilt. This review includes a comprehensive comparison and summary of the applications, possible challenges, and potential improvements for the control of oak wilt. To date, the prevention and control of this disease remain a challenge, and solid quarantine work is considered the most important means of preventing and controlling it. To deal with the threat that oak wilt may pose to biosecurity in China, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions for strengthening quarantine identification, surveillance, treatment, and cooperation.