莴苣属6种近似种瘦果形态的扫描电镜观察
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福建省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2022L3016); 福州海关科研项目(FK2021-01、FK2021-03)


SEM study on achenes micro-morphological characters of six similar species in the genus Lactuca
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    摘要:

    【目的】研究莴苣属6种近似种瘦果超微形态,确定鉴别特征,为口岸检疫鉴定提供参考。【方法】利用扫描电子显微镜观察莴苣属6个近似种瘦果的表面特征、冠毛、种脐、衣领状环等超微形态特征,测量瘦果表面刺长、刺宽、刺间距、冠毛节间长度等,并应用单因素方差分析进行显著差异评价。【结果】野莴苣脐口无环形边,其他5种均具环形边;野莴苣瘦果表面突起呈锐三角状物,乳苣突起呈耳状物;乳苣与莴苣衣领状环呈圆形或近圆形,其他4种呈椭圆形;乳苣、刺毛莴苣冠毛节间长度最小,毒莴苣的最长;野莴苣、莴苣、山莴苣次之;毒莴苣瘦果冠毛上的刺基部稍肿大,而其他5种未见肿大;瘦果超显微特征性状测量值在种之间存在差异。【结论】莴苣属种脐的形状和环形边的有无、种脐中央的突起物形状、衣领状环形状、瘦果表面纹饰特征及突起物的形状等超微形态特征可以作为莴苣属种类判定依据;瘦果表面的刺长度和宽度、刺间距、冠毛节间长度数值差异显著可以用于莴苣属种类鉴定。

    Abstract:

    【Aim】 The comparative ultrastructure of the achenes in six similar species in the genus Lactuca was studied for their micro-morphological identification and to provide a reference basis for the classification ranking below a genus and above a species. 【Method】 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe micro-morphological characteristics of achenes from six similar species, including surface character, pappus, hilum and collar-shaped ring. The length, width of spikes and length between spikes and pappi were measured, and one-way analysis of variance was used to determine the significant differences for the analysis of difference. 【Result】 The hilum of L. pulchella had no annular edge, while the other five species had a rounded spikes on achene. Surface of L. pulchella. and ear-shaped spikes on that of L. tatarica were observed. Collar-like rings in L. tatarica and L. sativa were round or nearly round, while the other four speices are ellipse. The length of the pappus of L. tatarica and L. hirsuta was the smallest, and that of L. serriola was the longest, followed by L. pulchella, L. sativa and L. india. Burr bases of the pappus in all six species except for L. serriola were not enlarged. The length, width of spikes and length between spikes and pappi indicated significant difference among the six species. 【Conclusion】 The characters, such as the shape of hilum, the presence or absence of the ring-shaped edge, the central convexity of hilum, collar-like ring, surface texture and outrigger, can be used as the basis for identification of the genus Lactuca. The significant differences in the length, width of spikes and length between spikes and pappi segment can be used to identify the genus Lactuca, which has certain significance for exploring the distinction between species and the relationship analysis between groups.

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虞赟,王德玲,林谷园,李敏,沈建国,于文涛,马新华.莴苣属6种近似种瘦果形态的扫描电镜观察[J].生物安全学报中文版,2023,32(1):33-37

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-15
  • 最后修改日期:2022-09-30
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-03-22
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