[Aim] This study was conducted to further elucidate the occurrence, pathogens, and other factors affecting the incidence of rice root-knot nematode in Pingjiang County, Hunan Province.[Method] Surveys were conducted using a five-point sampling method from April to June 2020. Four hundred paddy fields in 24 towns in Pingjiang County were examined, isolates were identified based on morphology and molecular data, relationships between infection index and rice cultivation mode, and soil types were analyzed.[Result] The number of towns where the pest occurred has increased from 5 in 2018 to 15 in 2020, with field presence ratios of 10%-100%, affected plant ratios of 2%-55%, and root knot indices of approximately 0.4-15.4. All isolates were identified as Meloidogyne graminicola. Moreover, the root-knot index of infected rice on sandy loam, medium loam, and heavy loam soils was higher than that of rice grown on clay and light loam soil, and the root-knot index of infected rice in direct seeding and seedling throwing fields was higher than that of rice on transplanted fields.[Conclusion] The rice root-knot nematode is widespread in Pingjiang County, and the present results can provide a basis for effective prevention and control of this serious pest of rice.