[Aim] This study aimed to verify the risks of two types of neonicotinoid pesticides, namely thiamethoxam and clothianidin, on birds.[Method] Toxicity level of 98% thiamethoxam or clothianidin technical materials, 30% thiamethoxam or 20% clothianidin suspension concentrate, and 42% thiamethoxam or 46% clothianidin suspension concentrate for seed treatment were tested on Coturnix japonica individuals using the transoral gavage method. Based on the toxicity data of tested pesticides to birds, combined with the field medication information. A primary risk assessment on the influence of the two types of pesticides on birds was carried out.[Result] For C. japonica, the acute toxicity semi-lethal doses (7 d-LD₅₀) of 98% thiamethoxam technical materials, 30% thiamethoxam suspension concentrate, and 42% thiamethoxam suspension concentrate for seed treatment were 1500, 481, and 266 mg·kg^-1 body weight, respectively, with toxicity levels being low, medium, and medium. The suspension concentrate and suspension concentrate for seed treatment were more toxic than the technical material. The acute toxicity semi-lethal doses (7 d-LD₅₀) of 98% clothianidin technical material, 20% clothianidin suspension concentrate, and 46% clothianidin suspension concentrate for seed treatment were 369, 397, and 1569 mg·kg^-1 body weight, respectively, with toxicity levels being medium, medium, and low. The suspension concentrate for seed treatment had the lowest toxicity. When used in rice paddies, the risk quotients (RQ) of acute, short-term, and long-term exposure by birds to thiamethoxam and clothianidin suspension concentrates were less than 1 (RQ<1), indicating that the level of risk was acceptable. When used in maize fields, the risk quotients of the acute, short-term, and long-term exposure by birds to thiamethoxam and clothianidin suspension concentrates for seed treatment were higher than 1 (RQ>1), indicating that the risk was unacceptable.[Conclusion] Both thiamethoxam and clothianidin suspension concentrates are relatively safe for birds when applied to crop fields, but the suspension concentrate for seed treatment of these two types of pesticides may be harmful to birds. Therefore, in the scenario of seed treatment, it is suggested that after sowing, seeds should be covered with soil or mulch as much as possible to reduce possible ingestion by birds. In the scenario of bird reserve areas, it is suggested that thiamethoxam and clothianidin suspension concentrates for seed treatment should be avoided to reduce the risk of harming birds through pesticide use.