The high toxicity and bioaccumulation of widely used chemical pesticides cause harm to the environment and human health. Therefore, studies on the remediation of chemical pesticides in the environment are very common. Plant-microbe remediation of chemical pesticides has increased interest as it is a highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and cheap method. Plants provide nutrients to the rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria, and bacteria support plant growth through the degradation and detoxification of chemical pesticides. This article reviews the factors affecting the absorption and transport of chemical pesticides in plants and the principles of plant-microbe remediation technology. It discusses the synergistic effects of plants and microorganisms in remediating soils contaminated by chemical pesticides. Finally, the application of the plant-microbe remediation method to soils contaminated by chemical pesticides is considered.