Biotechnology involving gene manipulation has become widespread in life science and biotechnology research, and has led to a rapid development of the biological industry. However, the gene manipulation of living organisms brings potential risks of biosafety and raises bioethical concerns, which requires the supervision of research and development activities. This paper aims to summarize the development and application of gene manipulation technology in life science, medicine, industrial and agricultural production, ecological environment and other industries, analyzes the biosafety and bioethical risks in the various industries, summarises the Chinese laws and regulations on risk prevention and control, and puts forward suggestions for future research and legislation.