[Aim] Phenacoccus solenopsis is an important invasive scale insect, also listed as a quarantine pest in China. The study of the structure of endosymbiont community and their relationship with the host would provide new ideas and references for further study of the invasion biology of P. solenopsis and its control.[Method] The species composition, abundance, and diversity of endosymbionts within an indoor-reared P. solenopsis population were investigated using metagenomic sequencing techniques.[Result] A total of 29 phyla, 47 classes, 105 orders, 178 families, 245 genera, and 299 species were annotated, of which Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Enterobacteriaceae, Burkholderia, and Candidatus Tremblaya phenacola, respectively, were dominant within each taxonomic category. The number of predicted unigenes was 36505, of which 77.27% were distributed in the range of 200-499 nt. In the KEGG database, most annotated genes (384, 49.48%) were metabolism-related and environmental information processing genes were the least numerous, with 8 genes (1.03%). Among metabolism related genes, 64 genes (28.19%) were connected to amino acid metabolism. In the COG database, translational, ribosomal structure and biogenesis-related genes were the most abundant, followed by amino acid transport-related and metabolic genes, with 27.64% and 12.31% respectively.[Conclusion] The described community structure and dominant populations of endosymbionts in P. solenopsis would provide a basis for further study on the relationship between endosymbionts and P. solenopsis, in order to propose alternative control strategies from the perspective of endosymbionts.