[Aim] The study examined the risk of mangrove pests and their prevention and control in order to maintain mangroves health, and their ecological function.[Method] The species of mangrove pests in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, were systematically investigated and monitored for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019). Combined with the ecological benefits of mangrove forests, according to the rule of pest risk analysis (PRA) of international standards for pest measurements (ISPM) and the relational model of PRA, this paper dealt with the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the risk level of Mikania micrantha and Anoplophora chinensis according to five aspects:distribution, spreading possibility, potential damaged degree, economical value of damaged host plants, and risk management difficulty.[Result] Results of the survey revealed 23 species of major pests. M. micrantha and A. chinensis were the most serious forest pests, with risk (R) values of 1.63 and 1.61, respectively. The risk analysis showed that M. micrantha and A. chinensis belonged to the middle risk level.[Conclusion] At present, M.micrantha and A.chinensis have only caused damage in the local area of mangrove in Zhongshan City, but they have an obvious tendency of spreading. It is necessary to establish an ecological control technology system that combines various technologies such as emergency elimination, biological control and ecological restoration.