[Aim] To investigate the potential geographical distribution and invasion risk of Oulema melanopus in China.[Method] The potential geographical distribution of O. melanopus in China was simulated using the adaptability analysis software CLIMEX 4.0. The simulation results were interpreted and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.2 to map its potential geographical distribution.[Result] The highly invasibility areas of O. melanopus were mainly concentrated in the Huabei Plain, southern Loess Plateau and northern Yungui Plateau in China. The moderately invasibility areas were mainly in the northern North China Plain, northern Loess Plateau and Northeast China Plain. The lowly invasibility areas were located in the transitional area of the highly invasibility areas and in south and north slopes of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang, China. Dry and cold temperature stresses were the main factors limiting the distribution of O. melanopus in China. The affected areas were mainly distributed in the northwest and northeast China.[Conclusion] O. melanopus has a wide potential geographical distribution in China, and its invasibility is high. At present, O. melanopus has spread to Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia of China. However, due to the existence of geographical isolation and its weak diffusion, it has not spread into the eastern region with high climate suitability. With the increasing economic exchanges between the east and the west, the possibility of further dispersal of O. melanopus is increasing with human factors. It is recommended that quarantine departments take stricter measures to prevent the spreading of the pest.