[Aim] Heterodera schachtii is the most important quarantine pest worldwide of beets, causing serious annual yield losses. H. schachtii is an important cash crop in Xinjiang, and its yield accounts for more than half of the total national output. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for scientific early warning and control by analyzing and predicting the potential geographic distribution and risk assessment of H. schachtii in Xinjiang.[Method] BIOCLIM model was used to predict the potential distribution of H. schachtii in Xinjiang, and multi-index assignment was used to analyze the risk of invasion.[Result] Altay, Tacheng, Bole, Ili, Urumqi, Changji, Korla, Aksu, Wushi, Baicheng and Balikun Kazakh Autonomous Counties in Xinjiang were suitable areas for the occurrence of H. schachtii. The comprehensive risk assessment value of this nematode was 2.397, belongs to the high-risk level.[Conclusion] H. schachtii could occur at the major sugar beet growing areas of Xinjiang with the high-risk. The results provide the necessary theoretical basis for establishing a long-term early warning and control mechanism of H. schachtii.