[Aim] To quantitively access the invasion risk of the major pest and disease introduced with fruit and vegetables from Taiwan Island to mainland China.[Method] We first identified 14 pests as risk assessment objects and proposed a comprehensive risk assessment index system, including 4 different layers, i.e. object, item, factor, index layers. A total of 26 index parameters were identified to access their risk level, including introduction, colonization, diffusion and impacts in the risk assessment area. Second, climatic niche modeling was applied to predict suitable habitats. Finally, we delimited their overall invasion risks by overlapping all the predicted suitability, main nodes of imported fruit and vegetable from Taiwan to mainland China.[Result] All the comprehensive risk values of 14 pests were>0.7, which classified them as invasive species of high risk. Although the predicted climatically suitable area of 14 pests was different, southern and eastern parts of China were all identified as suitable region. Additionally, more than 95% of the receiving ports, transfer stations, entrepots of imported Taiwanese fruit and vegetables were located in this region which can thus vastly increase their invasion risk.[Conclusion] It is concluded that import trade of Taiwanese fruit and vegetables can promote or intensify pests invasion risk to mainland of China. Our results further corroborate that the Taiwan Island is steppingstone of pest to invade mainland China. It is recommended that strict quarantine, early monitoring and warning measures should be further strengthened to prevent and control new invasions.