Euwallacea fornicatus is one of ambrosia beetles that colonizes tree xylem, attacking and infecting healthy trees with its phytopathogenic fungal symbionts, namely Euwallacea-Fusarium symbiosis. It causes mechanical damage to host branches and stems, leading to branch death and rotted timber. The list of attacked tree species by this beetle has increased to 342 taxa of 63 families around the world. It poses a growing threat to forest ecosystems, fruit industries, and urban landscapes. E. fornicatus was regarded as a major international forest pest by State Forestry Administration based on its devastating risk. Recent molecular studies have found that Euwallacea-Fusarium symbiosis was a complex of at least five morphologically undistinguishable species, each carrying one or two symbiotic Fusarium species. Several of those have become invasive pests around the world, attacking and infecting healthy trees due to these phytopathogenic fungal symbionts. We reviewed the research advance on the biology and ecology of this species complex including fungal symbionts and host selection, as well as current approaches for the control management of ambrosia beetle. It is urgent to find out the taxonomic status of E. fornicatus in China. E. fornicatus found in Yunnan may pose threats to urban broadleaf species in increasing number of cities and to conifers. Identification through molecular studies is now urgently needed. The biology and ecology of this pest and associated fungal symbionts and should be further studied to assess its molecular taxonomic status and better understand the mechanisms associated with pest outbreaks, thus providing technical support for pest control.