[Aim] The study on the macrobenthic community structure and its related environmental determinants of Yunlong Lake in Xuzhou City can provide a basis for local water quality protection.[Method] This investigation was carried out in Yunlong Lake from 2013 to 2017.The macrobenthic samples were collected by using 1/16 m² Peterson mud collector and the water samples were collected by using the plexiglass water collector in May and October each year with a total of 10 times. Three diversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef species richness index and Pielou evenness index) were used to evaluate the community structure, the Shannon-Wiener index was chose to have a biological assessment of water quality, and CCA (canonical correlation analysis) was applied to analyze the relationship between macrobenthos and environmental factors.[Result] The macrobenthic community structure was uncomplicated due to its low species richness. There was no obvious inter-annual variation in the diversity indices. Water quality was classified as influenced by slight-to-medium pollution. In addition, total nitrogen concentration was the most important influencing factor on Limnodritus sp., while permanganate index (COD_Mn) had major effects on chironomid larvae.[Conclusion] The water in Yunlong Lake displayed a risk of eutrophication. Therefore, much more attention should be paid to macrobenthos protection and water quality improvement of the lake.