[Aim] We studied the spatiotemporal characteristics for number of soil microorganism of Dalbergia odorifera so as to provide basis for improvement of cultivation technology of D. odorifera.[Method] Using the dilution plate coating method, seasonal and vertical distribution of the soil microbial community (bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil around D. odorifera individuals were compared.[Results] (1) The number of bacteria and fungi in the soil were the highest in spring. The lowest number of bacteria was found during winter, while the number of fungi was the lowest during autumn. The number of non-rhizosphere actinomycetes was the highest in winter and the lowest in autumn. (2) Rhizosphere effect of bacteria was more obvious, their R/S being 0.12-62.96, followed by the fungi with an R/S of 0.22-2.46, and of actinomycetes, with an R/S of 0.32-1.01. (3) The numbers of soil microorganisms were higher in the top soil layer (0-20 cm) than in deeper soil layers. The numbers of soil microorganism gradually decreased with depth; in some cases, however, the first decrease was followed by an increase.[Conclusion] The number distribution of soil microbial community of D. odorifera is influenced by season and soil layer.