Xinjiang is an important part of arid and semi-arid region in northwestern China, with agriculture and fruit production taking place in oases. Due to its geographical position, Xinjiang is one of the places which most seriously suffer from damage caused by invasive alien species. During the past 66 years, 95 such species have been reported from Xinjiang. Since 1990, the frequency of biological invasions has increased in Xinjiang, with 75 new invasive alien species, i.e. a rate of 2.88 species per year. Not only has this caused serious economic loss, but food production and ecological safety is also threatened. Under the newly announced developmental strategy of "One belt, one road", increaed vigilance is needed, especially in the northwestern oases of China, in order to prevent alien species from invasion and damage.