[Background] Temperature is one of the most important factors that influences the growth and development of crop plants. Understanding the effects of temperature on Bt rice and its non-target insects is helpful for the implement and management of Bt rice in future.[Method] The contents of Cry protein, chlorophyll, oxalic acid, soluble sugar and nitrogen were investigated in the Bt rice plants that were exposed to different temperatures (26, 30 and 34℃) for different durations. Ecological fitness of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens was evaluated under these different temperatures.[Result] The Cry protein content was significantly affected with decreasing Cry protein as the temperature increased. Temperature, treatment duration and their interaction were significantly for the content of chlorophyll, oxalic acid, soluble sugar and nitrogen in Bt rice. The content of chlorophyll in Bt rice and soluble sugar of Bt rice shezth treated for 20 d at 26℃ was higher than at 30 and 34℃. The content of oxalic acid and nitrogen in Bt rice sheath increased with increasing temperatures. The effect of temperature on the chlorophyll, oxalic acid, soluble sugar and nitrogen in non-Bt rice MH63 were similar to T2A-1. Longevity of male and female adults, number of eggs deposited per female and egg hatchability of N. lugens on Bt rice was lower at 34℃ than at 26℃. The effect of temperature on the ecological fitness of the nontarget insect pest N. lugens in non-Bt rice MH63 was similar to T2A-1.[Conclusion and significance] Temperature could influence the physiology of Bt rice and negatively affect the ecological fitness of the nontarget insect pest N. lugens in Bt rice. This study will facilitate the makeup of the integrated management of insect pests in the Bt rice in future.