【Background】 Codling moth is an important quarantined pest worldwide, and in China, it was first reported in Xinjiang Province. Creating a functional monitoring system for population dynamics can improve the efficiency of control and prevent widespread in non-endemic area. 【Method】 Population dynamics of codling moth were monitored by pheromone traps in apple, pear, plum, and peach orchards in 2008~2009 in Xinjiang. 【Result】 Codling moths in northern Xinjiang have two main population peak time: the first generation adults is from mid-July to mid-August and the overwintering adult peak is from mid-May to early June. In southern Xinjiang, there are three population peak, i.e. at the end of June to early July, end July to early August and end of August to mid-September. The abundance of moths is not significantly different between southern and northern Xinjiang. During peak times of the year, less than 10 individuals were attracted by the one trap, averaging from 0.5 to 2.0 moths per trap. Codling moth abundance also varied among orchards being more abundant in apple and peach orchards. 【Conclusion and significance】 Codling moth adults are known to have two generations in northern Xinjiang and three generations in southern part of the province. Codling moths populations concentrate in apple orchards, and population size is positively correlated with distance from apple, and pear orchards. Population dynamics provide the basis for forecasting the window of control and benefit for the regional monitoring and management.