During the past 18 years, the cultivated areas of genetically modified (GM) crops have increased by an average of 10% annually since their commercialized production starting in 1996. In 2013, the planted area under GM crops reached 175 million hectares. With the spreading of commercial GM production, the potential risks of GM technology caused wider attention of societies all over the world. During the development of GMOs, the relevant international organizations (including FAO, WHO, CAC and OECD) discussed and formulated a series of principles, guidelines and strategies for safety evaluation of future GMOs. As time goes on, the safety assessment strategies undergone changes and improvements. The safety evaluation and management system of GM food were established also in China. Before GM food enters the market, there is a compulsory food safety assessment, including nutrition, toxicology, allergenicity, etc. The aim of this procedure is to ensure the safety of food produced using GMOs.