【Background】Mimosa pigra L. is one of 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. It is very meaningful to cleartherefore important to determine the potential distribution of M.pigra in the world and especially in China in order to predict and effectively control its spread. 【Method】MaxEnt niche model was used to predict the potential distribution of M.pigra in China then the world. 【Result】The results showed M.pigra was mainly distributed between 30°N and 30°S in the tropical and subtropical regions with suitable and highly suitable areas in Central and South America, Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and North Australia. Southern China was at the edge of suitable areas of M.pigra with potential suitable areas in provinces of Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, and Taiwan in China. Considering the greenhouse gas emission A1b scenario, by 2050, it is predicted that the distribution of M.pigra would not change significantly in the world, but may be reduced in China. 【Conclusion and significance】M.pigra has the risk to invasive mainland China and should be quarantined to prevent its invasion.