In this paper, field survey and literature review was adopted to systematically study the occurrence of alien invasive species in Hubei Province, China. Ways of introduction of invasive species and the relationship between invasion and human activity were analysed. We found records of 163 alien invasive species in Hubei Province, including 14 plant pathogens, 3 species of aquatic weeds, 101 terrestrial weeds, 2 aquatic invertebrates, 17 terrestrial invertebrates, 3 amphibians or reptiles, 18 fishes and 5 mammals. Among the invasive weeds, most species belonged to the family Asteraceae (32 species), accounting for 30.8% of the total, followed by Poaceae (11 species) and Leguminosae (10 species). We identified two main routes of invasion of alien species into Hubei Province: the escape of intended introduction of species (53.4% of all invasives); the other is accidental introduction, accounting for 46.6% of invasive species. The number of alien invasive species rose year by year after the 1980s. The number of alien invasive species was positively correlated with the GDP, the number of incoming passengers, total import and export, and density of traffic in Hubei Province. The results indicate that it is necessary to further strengthen the species introduction regulation and strict implementation of quarantine measures to prevent a new invasion of invasive species. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out prevention and control technology research of invasive species, in order to curb the spread and hazard caused by the alreadyinvaded species.